Home Nebulization Treatments

A nebulizer is a compressed air machine that turns liquid asthma medicine into a fine mist your child can easily breathe.

How is the home nebulizer used?

1. Place the compressor on a hard surface. Make sure the filter is free of dust and dirt. If it is dirty, rinse it with water and then dry it. Plug in the compressor. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before beginning a treatment.
2. If the medicine is in a pre-mixed single dose vial, open the vial and place the medicine in the nebulizer cup. If the medicine is not in a pre-mixed single dose vial, place the prescribed amount of medicine(s) into the nebulizer with a dropper or syringe. If you have a question about mixing medicines, call your health care provider or pharmacist.
3. Some asthma medicines come premixed with sterile saline. Other medicines need saline added. You can buy sterile normal saline in two ways: in unit dose plastic vials or a pressurized canister (Bronchosaline). Two squirts from the canister should be enough. Never put a homemade saline solution into a nebulizer.
4. Attach the nebulizer cup to the compressor tubing. Turn the power on. ((You should see a light mist coming from the back of the tube opposite the mouthpiece.) Place the mouthpiece in the mouth and breathe in and out slowly through the mouth until all the medicine is gone. If the child is able, tell the child to take an extra deep breath every 10 breaths or so, hold that breath for 10 seconds, and then breathe out slowly. This helps the medicine to stay in the lungs longer for better effect.

If a child is too young to use a mouthpiece, use a mask. Position the mask comfortably and securely on your child's face over the nose and mouth.

Most nebulizers must be held in an upright position to work well. If the mixture coats the sides and isn't being nebulized, gently tap the side of the nebulizer from time to time during the treatment. An average treatment takes 8 to 10 minutes. The treatment is over when all the medicine is gone, mist is no longer being generated, and the nebulizer makes a constant sputtering noise.

Some children cough up mucus after breathing treatments. Note the mucus color and thickness. Normal secretions are usually thin and white or clear. Thick, sticky mucus that is yellow or green may indicate infection. Call your health care provider to report a change.

If your child needs more treatments than prescribed by your provider, or if the treatments do not improve the symptoms, call your provider.

How and when should the nebulizer be cleaned?

If the nebulizer is not rinsed after each treatment the small holes inside the nebulizer can get clogged and will not make a mist. You do not need to rinse the clear compressor tubing.

RINSING: After each treatment take the nebulizer apart and wash the cup and mouthpiece with soap under hot, running tap water. This includes the mask or mouthpiece. Rub off any mucus stuck to equipment. Shake off the excess water.

DISINFECTING: Each day the nebulizer, mask or mouthpiece may be disinfected by using any of the following methods:

• Microwave in a special "Quick Clean" bag for 3 to 5 minutes. (Follow the instructions on the bag.)
• Place on top shelf of the dishwasher for a full cycle.
• Soak in either:
  • A mixture of 1 tablespoon bleach per 1 cup water for 3 minutes OR
  • 70% isopropyl alcohol for 5 minutes OR
  • hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes.

After soaking, rinse with (sterile) boiling water, then air dry.

What special instructions should be followed?

Your provider has prescribed nebulizer treatments to be given ______ times a day or every _________ hours as needed. The medicine(s) to be used is (are) _______________________________ (the amount is ___________), and is mixed in _____ ml of normal saline (or: _________________________).

Do not increase the number of treatments to more than _______ within a 24-hour period without checking with your health care provider.